Ç×ÇØ Áß ¿ë¼±ÀÚÀÇ È¹° ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶(In-transit fumigation) ¿ä±¸¿Í ¼±ÁÖÀÇ ´ëó ¹æ¾È
2004.11.10.
½É»óµµ
* º» ±ÛÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº Ç×ÇØ Áß ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ À§ÇèÀ» »ìÆìº¸°í, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±ÁÖ À§ÇèÀÇ ÃÖ¼ÒÈ ¹æ¹ý°ú ¹ý·üÀû(°è¾à»ó) ´ëÀÀ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ìÆìº¸±â À§ÇÔÀ¸·Î, ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±¹Ú°ú ¼±¿øÀÇ ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© Ç×ÇØ Áß È¹°ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÀÚÁ¦ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
1. ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ¸ñÀû
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº µ¶¼º±âü(»ìÃæÁ¦)¸¦ ¼±Ã¢ µî¿¡ ÁÖÀÔÀ¸·Î ÇØÃæ µîÀ» ±¸Á¦ÇÏ¿© ȹ°¼Õ»óÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº ¼±Àû ÀüÈÄ¿¡ ½Ç½ÃµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÛÇÏÀÎ ¹× ¿ë¼±ÀÚ´Â ¿î¼Û Áß ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶À¸·Î Á¤¹Ú½Ã°£À» ÁÙÀ̱⸦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù.
2. ÈÆÁõ¹°Áú Á¾·ù
ÈçÈ÷ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹°Áú·Î´Â Aluminum Phosphide, Magnesium Phosphide, Gastoxin ¶Ç´Â Magtoxin µî Phosphine-evolving gas(Hydrogen Phosphine)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹°ÁúÀº °íüÇüÅ·ΠÀûȹ° À§¿¡³ª ±× ¹Ù·Î ¹Ø¿¡ ³õ¾ÆµÐ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, Methyl Bromide´Â ½Ç¸°´õ¿¡ ±âü»óÅ·ΠÁÖÀԵǾî, ¼±Ã¢°ú ÅëÇÏ´Â °üÀ» ÅëÇØ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶À» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Methyl Bromide¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ ¼Òµ¶Àº ¿î¼Û Áß Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ÈÆÁõ½Ã ¼±¿øµéÀº Çϼ±ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3. ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ À§Ç輺
ÈÆÁõ±âü´Â ÀÎü¿¡ À¯ÇØÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÈíÀԽà ȣÈí±â Áúȯ µîÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í Á¾±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î Áú½ÄÀ» À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Phosphine-evolving gas(Phosphine-generating fumigation)°¡ ¼±¿øµéÀÌ ½Â¼± Áß¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¼±¿øÀÇ Áúº´ ¶Ç´Â »ç¸Á»ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ °¡½º(Aluminum Phosphide, Magnesium Phosphide)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§´Â ƯÈ÷ Á¶½ÉÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¿¡ º¸Åë »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ±âŸ ¼Òµ¶°¡½º´Â ³óÃà½Ã °¡¿¬¼ºÀÌ µÇ¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¹°°ú Á¢Ã˽à ¹ßÈ ¶Ç´Â Æø¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
4. ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ÀýÂ÷ Áؼö
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº Àü¹®Àû ±â¼ú°ú Ư¼öÀåºñ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠÀûÀýÇÑ ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ÁؼöÇÏ¿© »ç°í¸¦ ¹æÁöÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº ¼±¿øÀÌ °ü·Ã Àڰݰú ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ¼±¿øµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù.
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ °ü·Ã ±ÔÁ¤(ÀýÂ÷)·Î´Â IMO 1996 Recommendations on the Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships°ú IMO 2001 Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes(BC Code)(Section 3-Safety of Personnel and Ship) µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ °ü·Ã ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¾È³»°¡ ±âÀçµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
5. ¼ÕÇØ¹æÁö ´ëÃ¥
°¡. »çÀü °Ë»ç
¿î¼Û Áß ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ÆÄ¾ÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼±Àå°ú ¼ÛÇÏÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¿ë¼±ÀÚ°¡ Áö¸íÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ°¡ »çÀü°Ë»ç¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ °ü·Ã ¼±Ã¢ÀÇ °¡½º´©Ãâ °¡´É¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¼±ÁÖ´Â ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±× ÀÚ°Ý ¹× ¼ÛÇÏÀÎ ¹× ¿ë¼±ÀڷκÎÅÍÀÇ Áö¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÔÁõÀÚ·áÀÇ Á¦ÃâÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, °Ë»ç ÈÄ¿¡´Â ±× ´ã´çÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÈÆÁõ¹°ÁúÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¾ç, À§Çè, ±âŸ ¼±Àå¿¡ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ ¾ÈÀü»çÀü ´ëÃ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÑ ÀǰßÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ÀýÂ÷°èȹ¼(intended fumigation procedure)¿Í »çÀü °Ë»ç°á°ú¼(pre-fumigation inspection)¸¦ ¼¸éÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
³ª. ÀýÂ÷ ¼÷Áö
¼±ÀåÀº ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àü °ü·Ã ¼±¿øµé¿¡°Ô ÈÆÁõ¹°Áú Ç¥½Ä, º¸È£À屸 ¹× ¾ÈÀü/ºñ»ó ÀýÂ÷¸¦ ¼÷Áö½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ù. Àåºñ
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ¼±¹ÚÀÇ Àåºñ°¡ Á¤»ó¿©ºÎ ¹× IMO ±Ç°í¿¡ µû¸¥ Ç¥º»Ã¤Ãë ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, °ü·Ã ¼±¿øµé¿¡°Ô Àåºñ»ç¿ë¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ½Ã¹ü º¸¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¶ó. ÈÆÁõ°³½Ã ¹× À¯Ãâ Á¡°Ë
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶Àº ¸ðµç ȹ°ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÇ°í ºñ°ü°èÀÚ(unauthorized personnel)°¡ º»¼± À§Ç豸¿ªÀ» ¹þ¾î³ ÈÄ¿¡ °³½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ¸ðµç ¼±Ã¢ÀÇ °¡½º´©Ãâ Á¡°Ë ¹× ¹ÐºÀ°ú ¼±¹Ú Áְű¸¿ª¿¡ °¡½ºÀ¯ÀÔÀÌ ¾øÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÏ´Â Áõ¼¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀÌ Á¦Ãâ ÈÄ¿¡ ºñ°ü°èÀÚ°¡ ½Â¼±ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¶. °æ°íÇ¥½Ã ¹× À§Ç豸¿ª ÃâÀÔÅëÁ¦
¸ðµç ¼±¿ø¿¡°Ô ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ±¸¿ªÀ» ÀÎÁö½ÃÄÑ¾ß Çϸç, À§Ç豸¿ª ÃâÀÔ±¸´Â ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ°¡ ¼¸íÇÏ°í ³¯Â¥¸¦ ±âÀÔÇÑ ¡®Poison Gas¡¯ °æ°íÇ¥½ÄÀ» ºÎÂøÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¹Ù. Ç×ÇØ Áß °¨µ¶
Ç×ÇØ Áß ¼ö½Ã·Î ÁÖ°Å ¹× ÀÛ¾÷±¸¿ªÀÇ °¡½º³óµµ¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ¿© ¸¸¾àÀÇ °¡½º´©Ãâ »ç°í¿¡ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ ´ëóÇÑ´Ù.
»ç. ÈÆÁõ°¡½ºÀÇ ¹æÃâ
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ÈÆÁõ°¡½ºÀÇ ¹æÃâ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½Ã¼¸¦ ¹ßºÎÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ¹æÃâ°¡½º°¡ ¹ÐÆóµÈ Áְű¸¿ª ¹× ÀÛ¾÷±¸¿ªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³¯·Á°¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϰí, ¼±Ã¢¿¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ¸·¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¾Æ. ÈÆÁõ ÀÜÁ¸¹° ó¸®
ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ´ã´çÀÚ´Â ÈÆÁõ ÀÜÁ¸¹° 󸮿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöħÀ» ³»·Á¾ß Çϸç, ¾ç·úÇ× À°»óÀκο¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ó¸®µÉ °æ¿ì, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ È¹° °ü·ÃÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾ç·ú°³½ÃÀü º» ÁöħÀÌ Àü´ÞµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
6. ¹ýÀû ¹®Á¦
°¡. ÈÆÁß¼Òµ¶ Çã¿ë¿¡ °üÇÑ ¼±ÀåÀÇ Àý´ëÀû ±ÇÇÑ
¼±ÀåÀº ¿î¼Û Áß ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ½Ç½Ã¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àý´ëÀû ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¼±¹Ú ¹× ¼±¿ø ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±â±¹ ¹× Ç׸¸±¹ÀÇ Çã°¡µµ Åë»ó ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.
³ª. ¿î¼Û Áß ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶(in transit fumigation) Çã¿ë½Ã ¼±ÁÖ ´ë󹿹ý(¿ë¼±°è¾à»ó)
(1) ¼±ÀåÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾Àû ÆÇ´ÜÀ¸·Î Á¦¹Ý Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì, ¿î¼Û Áß ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶À» °ÅºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸í½ÃÀû ±Ç¸® ±ÔÁ¤(¿ë¼±°è¾à¼»ó) ±âÀç.
(2) ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ÀÌ ¿ë¼±ÀÚÀÇ À§ÇèºÎ´ã°ú ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ½Ç½ÃµÈ´Ù´Â ±ÔÁ¤ »ðÀÔ.
(3) ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ÀÌ IMO ¾È³»Áöħ°ú ±Ç°í¿¡ µû¶ó ¼öÇàµÈ´Ù´Â ±ÔÁ¤ »ðÀÔ.
(4) ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ °ü·Ã Áö½Ã¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ë¼±ÀÚÀÇ ¸í½ÃÀû ¹è»ó ±ÔÁ¤ »ðÀÔ.
´Ù. Letter of Indemnity(LOI) ¡±¸
(1) È¿°ú
LOI ¡±¸°¡ ¼±ÀåÀÇ ÈÆÁõ¼Òµ¶ ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àý´ëÀû ±ÇÇÑÀ» ¾àȽÃŰÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
(2) LOI ¸ð¹ü
LETTER OF INDEMNITY
[INSERT DATE]
TO : [INSERT NAME OF SHIPOWNERS] The Owners of the [insert name of ship] [insert address]
Dear Sirs,
Ship : [insert name of ship] Voyage : [insert load and discharge ports as stated in the bill of lading]
Cargo : [insert description of cargo] Bill of lading : [insert identification number, date and place of issue]
Charterparty : [insert form, date and place of issue]
The above Cargo has been shipped on the Ship by [insert name of shipper] and consigned to [insert name of consignee or party to whose order the bill of lading is made out, as appropriate] for delivery at the port of [insert name of discharge port stated in the bill of lading].
[With reference to clause [insert number] of the Charterparty,] We hereby request the owners of the Ship to fumigate the Cargo on board at the Ship while in transit to the discharge port. Such fumigation should be carried out strictly in accordance with our written instruction, which will be provided forthwith to the Master of the Ship. We warrant that the fumigation has been approved by the shippers and will be carried out by qualified personnel acting on our behalf and solely at our own risk and expense, in accordance with guidelines and recommendations issued by the international Maritime Organization.
In consideration of your complying with our above request, we hereby aggress as follows:
To indemnify you, your servants and agents and to hold all of you harmless in respect of any liability, loss, damage or expense of whatsoever nature which you may sustain by reason of fumigation the Cargo on board the Ship.
In the event of any proceedings being commenced against you or any of your servants or agents in connection with, or as a consequence of, the fumigation of the Cargo on board the Ship, to provide you or them on demand with sufficient funds to defend the same.
If the Ship, or any other ship or property in the same or associated ownership, possession, management or control, is arrested or detained, or threatened to be arrested or detained, or should there be any other interference in the use or trading of the Ship (whether by virtue of a caveat being entered on the ship¡¯s registry or otherwise howsoever), in connection with, or as a consequence of, the fumigation of the Cargo on board the Ship, we warrant to provide on your demand such bail or other security as may be required to ensure the release from or prevention of such arrest or detention or other interference in the use or trading and to indemnity you in respect of any liability, loss, cost or expense caused thereby.
The liability of each and every person under this indemnity shall be joint and several and shall not be conditional upon your proceeding first against any person, whether or not such person is party to or liable under this indemnity.
This indemnity shall be governed by and construed in accordance with English law and each and every person liable under this indemnity shall at your request submit to the jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice in London and will, within seven days of a request so to do, appoint solicitors within the jurisdiction who are authorized to accept service.
Yours faithfully,
For and on behalf of ¡¦ [insert name of the Request] Signature
For and on behalf of Charterers ¡¦ [ insert name of the Charterer if different from the Request] Signature
For and on behalf of Bankers ¡¦ [insert name of bank and full details of the office to which any demand or notice is to be addressed] Signature. ³¡
Âü°íÀÚ·á : In-transit fumigation of bulk cargoes, Gard News 173 February / April 2004, pp. 30~33.
¹Ù´Ù´©¸®(http://smarine.netian.com)